Social Health Insurance In Indonesia
The health status of people in Indonesia is improving slowly over the last two decades. Factors like low education, low income, difficult geographical access, cultural problems and health care financing are responsible for the low improvement of health status in Indonesia. World Health Report 2000 has clearly suggested that health care financing is the most important element in achieving health improvement. The level of health care financing affects the availability of human resources, medical supplies, distribution of healthcare facilities, quality of health services, and other important processes. The main hypothesis of this study is that health care financing is the key component to sustainable and significant health improvement.
Government in its study has reported that health care financing has progressed in Indonesia in the last two decades. The study emphasized on following points:
(1)
To identify health care financing from various sources in the last two decades;
(2)
To identify gaps in health care financing in relation to health care needs;
(3)
To assess philosophy and regulations that may affect health care financing, and
(4) To identify various feasible options to improve equity in health care financing.
Data from Susenas 1992 to Susenas 2001 (ten year annual survey) has revealed that access to hospital care is very poor for the bottom 60% of the total population. On an average, each household must spend more than 100% of the household income for one admission, regardless of public or private hospitals.
Health care hospital data shows that the proportion of poor and nearly- poor patients to the total patients served by public and private hospitals was far below than the proportion of poor to the population. In many public hospitals the proportions of the poor patients admitted was less than 1% of the total patients. In contrast, the proportion of the poor to the community is far above 20% of the total population. The gaps in access to hospital services between the poor and the rich continue to be very high.
The social safety net programming funded by a loan from the Asian Development Bank, has improved access to the poor.
Property Insurance In Indonesia
It covers property's damage and loss caused by fire, natural disasters or other type damages with sudden mishappenings.
Property Insurance is of following types:
Polis Standar Kebakaran Indonesia (PSKI) covers the house, building, shops etc
Industrial All Risks (IAR) or Property All Risks (PAR) is broader than PSKI's insurance. This policy gives indemnification for any property damage or loss caused by sudden occurrences and unexpected. The insurance covered includes loss from natural disaster such as flood, landslide, storm, etc.
Marine Cargo Insurance
Such types of Insurance cover the damage or loss of goods transported from one place to another by using of land transportation (truck, train, trailer), sea (ship), air (aircraft).
Insurance provided in these types include all risks condition. This includes fire, transport vehicle accident (stranded, sink, inversed, collision), loading and unloading in the emergency port, earthquake, volcano eruption, jettison etc.
Oil and Gas Insurance covers the damage or loss for exploration equipment and oil production.
Aviation Insurance covers the aircraft damage or loss during the flight, mooring, or on the ground. It also covers the damage or loss on hull, spares, passenger legal liability, and third party liability.
Space Insurance covers the damage or loss of satellite, including third party liability. Such Insurance covers the following types of insurances:
Construction Insurance
Pre-Launch Insurance
Launch Insurance
Satelit In-Orbit Insurance
Liability Insurance
Personal Accident Insurance covers the loss caused by Insured personal accident or persons that are being insured includes persons relating to the insured such as the insured's employees the insured's family, etc.
Liability Insurancecovers third party liability either on bodily injury or property damage during the time of business activity run by the Insured persons.
Money Insurance covers the money loss owned by the Insured person.
Money Insurance is of following types
(1)
Cash In Safe (CIS) Insurance
It covers the money loss owned by the insured in safe box.
(2)
Cash In Transit (CIT) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured during delivery from one place to another.
(3)
Cash In cashier's Box (CICB) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured safe in the cashier or places where transactions are done.
Fidelity Guarantee (FG) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured caused by employee's dishonesty handling in cash management
Burglary Insurance covers insured's property loss caused by theft/burglary with break and enter to the property's place.
The health status of people in Indonesia is improving slowly over the last two decades. Factors like low education, low income, difficult geographical access, cultural problems and health care financing are responsible for the low improvement of health status in Indonesia. World Health Report 2000 has clearly suggested that health care financing is the most important element in achieving health improvement. The level of health care financing affects the availability of human resources, medical supplies, distribution of healthcare facilities, quality of health services, and other important processes. The main hypothesis of this study is that health care financing is the key component to sustainable and significant health improvement.
Government in its study has reported that health care financing has progressed in Indonesia in the last two decades. The study emphasized on following points:
(1)
To identify health care financing from various sources in the last two decades;
(2)
To identify gaps in health care financing in relation to health care needs;
(3)
To assess philosophy and regulations that may affect health care financing, and
(4) To identify various feasible options to improve equity in health care financing.
Data from Susenas 1992 to Susenas 2001 (ten year annual survey) has revealed that access to hospital care is very poor for the bottom 60% of the total population. On an average, each household must spend more than 100% of the household income for one admission, regardless of public or private hospitals.
Health care hospital data shows that the proportion of poor and nearly- poor patients to the total patients served by public and private hospitals was far below than the proportion of poor to the population. In many public hospitals the proportions of the poor patients admitted was less than 1% of the total patients. In contrast, the proportion of the poor to the community is far above 20% of the total population. The gaps in access to hospital services between the poor and the rich continue to be very high.
The social safety net programming funded by a loan from the Asian Development Bank, has improved access to the poor.
Property Insurance In Indonesia
It covers property's damage and loss caused by fire, natural disasters or other type damages with sudden mishappenings.
Property Insurance is of following types:
Polis Standar Kebakaran Indonesia (PSKI) covers the house, building, shops etc
Industrial All Risks (IAR) or Property All Risks (PAR) is broader than PSKI's insurance. This policy gives indemnification for any property damage or loss caused by sudden occurrences and unexpected. The insurance covered includes loss from natural disaster such as flood, landslide, storm, etc.
Marine Cargo Insurance
Such types of Insurance cover the damage or loss of goods transported from one place to another by using of land transportation (truck, train, trailer), sea (ship), air (aircraft).
Insurance provided in these types include all risks condition. This includes fire, transport vehicle accident (stranded, sink, inversed, collision), loading and unloading in the emergency port, earthquake, volcano eruption, jettison etc.
Oil and Gas Insurance covers the damage or loss for exploration equipment and oil production.
Aviation Insurance covers the aircraft damage or loss during the flight, mooring, or on the ground. It also covers the damage or loss on hull, spares, passenger legal liability, and third party liability.
Space Insurance covers the damage or loss of satellite, including third party liability. Such Insurance covers the following types of insurances:
Construction Insurance
Pre-Launch Insurance
Launch Insurance
Satelit In-Orbit Insurance
Liability Insurance
Personal Accident Insurance covers the loss caused by Insured personal accident or persons that are being insured includes persons relating to the insured such as the insured's employees the insured's family, etc.
Liability Insurancecovers third party liability either on bodily injury or property damage during the time of business activity run by the Insured persons.
Money Insurance covers the money loss owned by the Insured person.
Money Insurance is of following types
(1)
Cash In Safe (CIS) Insurance
It covers the money loss owned by the insured in safe box.
(2)
Cash In Transit (CIT) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured during delivery from one place to another.
(3)
Cash In cashier's Box (CICB) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured safe in the cashier or places where transactions are done.
Fidelity Guarantee (FG) Insurance
It covers money loss owned by the insured caused by employee's dishonesty handling in cash management
Burglary Insurance covers insured's property loss caused by theft/burglary with break and enter to the property's place.
